Bladder cancer is a type of disease where malignant cells appear in the organ necessary in the excretory system which is the bladder. This organ can be found in the pelvic area. This organ is balloon shaped in appearance and has the main function as the body's temporary storage of urine before it is excreted from the body.

Once bladder cancer has spread, the surgical treatment usually involves complete or partial bladder removal. A partial bladder removal (cystectomy) is often reserved for patients with less invasive types of bladder cancer (usually cancers that start in cells associated with frequent infections or irritations) that occur near the top of the bladder.

A bladder is an organ located at the pelvic area, for storing urine. This organ is balloon-shaped. Bladder cancer occurs whenever malignant cancerous cells grow on the cells of this organ. Symptoms include occurrence of pain during the process of urination, blood in urine, irritation and frequent urination. This disease can be easily detected at early stages and can be cured completely.

Preliminary assessment of the patient is done to evaluate the expanse and spread of the tumor using imaging scans such as MRI or CT. The patient is counseled about the procedure and the need to remove other pelvic organs like ovaries in the female and prostate in the males. A low residue diet is recommended with a prescription of laxatives or enema just a day prior to the scheduled surgery.

If the cancer is not diagnosed early and is allowed to penetrate the bladder wall or surrounding layer of fat, the cancer will probably require surgery followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy. During radiation therapy, a focused beam of high-energy radiation is used to destroy cancerous cells. Radiation is targeted only at affected areas as and is performed regularly for a set period of time.

Most bladder cancers grow on the surface of the wall, which makes them readily removed with surgery. Invasive bladder cancer, in which the cancer has grown into the bladder structure and other organs, requires a more aggressive and radical protocol.In advanced cases, removal of the bladder and sometimes other organs as well. A small section of the bowel may be used to construct another functional bladder.

Though genetic disposition is the most common factor in determining a patient's risk for developing the disease, most urologists agree that environmental factors can play a huge part. For example, holding excessive amounts of toxins and carcinogens in the bladder can become a major cause of bladder cancer.

There are three main types of bladder cancer and they begin in different bladder cells. Following are the types of this cancer:

Transitional cell carcinoma - This cancer occurs in the cells that line the inside of the bladder and is the most common type of bladder cancer.

Squamous cell carcinoma - These cancers appear in cells that grow in the bladder in reaction to an infection.

Adenocarcinoma - This cancer begins in the cells that form the glands secreting mucus in the bladder.

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